The priest wears a chasuble as an outer vestment over all the other vestments. There are a number of different styles, but I like Gothic or "Charles Borromeo" style the best. Under the chasuble is a stole, that signifies the office of the priesthood. There is also a maniple worn on the left arm. It looks like a stole, but is shorter for obvious reasons.
Here is a picture of me wearing them both.

Under the stole and maniple is a long, white garment called an alb. it is usually secured at the waist with a rope called a cincture. I think this is evident in the pic I just linked.
Here is my blog where there are illustrations of vestments I've made.
The deacon's outer vestment is called a dalmatic. It is an ornate outer tunic worn over the stole, maniple and alb. Traditionally, bishops wear a dalmatic under their chasuble. Some priests given a blessing to wear a dalmatic under the chasuble as an award for service as well.
I don't have a picture yet, but the bishop also wears something called a miter.