Whatever caused the issue, I've managed to circumvent it.
After uninstalling the game and rebooting, I opened Vortex to make sure it couldn't find the game. Then I went to the 'Unmanaged' list, looked for the game there and pressed 'Manage'. Vortex told me it couldn't find the game and asked me to browse to its location. I opened the browse window, then reinstalled the game in the background and navigated to it once it was installed. Vortex then told me something seemed to not be completely correct. It reassured me it usually shouldn't be an issue to just ignore it, but gave me the option to manually set the mod staging folder location. I navigated to the correct mod staging folder location. Vortex told me it wasn't marked as a mod staging folder and asked if I was sure that was correct. I said it was correct.
