I had the same issue. I found a fix for it, but its a little unconventional. So, i made sure to wait 72 hours inside a building before doing this. Im unsure if it helps or not, but i'll give you as much detail as possible. After that, fast travel to Honningbrew Meadery and walk over to Galmar. Once his speech starts, turn off collision and run towards the drawbridge. Open the drawbridge and then go through the gate to the city. Once inside, go to dragonsreach once inside turn collision back on and set the stage of the quest to 9000. You should complete it and get a marker to go to ulfric. Although everything will seem normal, once you report to ulfric and come back, everything should come full circle. You should have stormcloaks roaming the streets, pissed off battle-borns, and that old dude who's name i cant remember as Jarl. As far as i can tell everything is just as it should be for a stormcloak victory, you just miss out on all the fun. Hope it works!