Crossbows of the European Medieval variants were in use since the 1000's, long before the renaissance. The arquebus came in the renaissance era. Katanas can't even harm a man in chainmail beyond the blunt damage, let alone a man in full plate. Contemporary European knights would destroy isolated (not good for development of weapons technology) feudal Japan if it ever came to it. What a Japanese sword is good for is cutting down unarmored revolting peasants.