I have the Unofficial patches for Skyrim and Dawnguard, but I didn't install the Unofficial patches for Dragonborn and Hearthfire. Since you mentioned it, does installing patches with Dragonborn and Hearthfire make a difference?
Tried that, it did not start the quest and the journal was not found on her body. In addition, when I got to the shard, it was still labelled Glowing shard instead of Aethrium shard. So as a result, the quest was entirely broken for me.
Lost to the Ages quest has many bugs, one of the infamous ones is the quest not starting. Someone should find a way to start the quests without reading Aetherium Wars?